Netsu Sokutei, 32 (4), p. 162, (2005)

解説

温度概念と温度計の歴史

Historical Development of the Temperature Concept and the Thermometers

温度とは何か,温度計はどんな機能を持つべきか-古来の考察・試行の跡をたどり,人体の冷温感覚との不即不離の関係,液体封入ガラス製温度計を初めとする各種温度計の開発と改良,そして巨視的熱学の基本法則による(個別の物性によらない)熱力学温度の定義及びその微視的な解釈を通観し,併せて,操作主義の考え方(規定された測定器の指示によって温度を定義する立場)に触れる。
In this article is dealt with the history of the concept and the measuring method of temperature. Firstly, the relation of thermal sensation of human body to the temperature concept is discussed. Secondly, the rise and development of liquid-in-glass thermometers are described. Thirdly, the formation of thermodynamic concept of temperature is traced. Finally, the modern trends of conceptualization of temperature both in operationism and reductionism are pointed out.